Thursday, 10 December 2009

Textual Analysis- When You Were Young by The Killers

In 2006 with the release of their second album Sams Town, follow-up to the massive Debut Hot Fuss, Las Vegas band The Killers decided to release ‘When You Were Young’ as the lead single complete with 5 minute promotional music video. In the past The Killers had been known for their theatrical pop music videos, particularly Mr Brightside, but the band were experimenting with a more mature refined rock sound and their new video had to promote and establish this new image and album. The song was very successful and reached number two in UK, the album later went on to win a Brit award and the video won a Q award for best video in 2007.




The video was filmed in Tlayacapan, Mexico and has strong themes of religion, innocence and adultery. The setting is essential to the story and the setting allows us to focus on the song and understand the situation the woman is in. The fact she has a traditional upbringing and will probably have to settle for a husband she does not necessarily love. The city is also very old and poor and we can understand why she wants this new exciting man, to escape not only her religion but her boring life. It also works well with the desert theme running through The Killers albums (they grew up in Vegas near the Mojave desert), the album focuses strongly on their childhood and personal upbringing.

The story itself is pretty basic but with front man Brandon Flowers compelling lyrics and a cleverly executed video the video can really pull at the heart strings.


As the video opens we see a large white cross high above a Mexican city. A young Mexican woman approaches dressed in white, she is followed by a man who slowly pulls up in a car, he seems frustrated and bangs his head against the steering wheel. The camera returns to the woman as chilling echoes of the lyrics battle against the wind. The woman weeps against the cross, her a face a picture of agony as we glimpse quick flashes of a couple, candles, crosses and a woman’s hand running across a mans back. The woman, clearly distressed sinks to her knees as the man rushes to her side to comfort her. The song opens loudly and suddenly and the story unfolds. Amongst clips of the band performing in a small bar we are shown the woman praying at church and leaving to meet her husband. The next scenes seem to play out in reverse as she returns home to find him in bed with another woman, she runs out in tears followed by her husband. The video then shows their wedding, the woman washing feet and then the bar were she meets her husband. The video plays out their realtionship in reverse and ends with the couple on the cliff side.

The lyrics corresponds perfectly with the video, this girl is obviously very young, good, devout and innocent. She is looking for a Jesus like figure, a man who is pure, honest and trustworthy, traditionally Latin girls have a very religious upbringing but what she wants is a saviour ‘To save you from your old ways’. She then meets someone who is risky and exciting ‘he doesn’t look a thing like Jesus, but he talks like a gentleman’, she is torn between what is right and what is wrong ‘they say the devils water it ain’t so sweet…but you can dip your feet…’ She believes he loves her and she marries him believing she can make him a good man ‘can we climb this mountain? I don’t know’. The lyrics ‘You play forgiveness, Watch it now, here he comes’ implies that her husbands devious nature has been sent to test her faith and in the end he breaks her heart and she is faced with the ultimate challenge. The relationship has changed her, her trust and her innocence. Her ideas are now the past ‘when you were young’. The video and song can be interpreted many different ways, the ‘devils water it ain’t so sweet…but you can dip your feet every once in a little while’ could be talking about her husband, how to sin is bad but human and that her image of a ‘beautiful boy’ that lived up to Jesus could never exist and was only ever going to be imagined ‘when you were young’.


The mise-en-scene is a vital part in telling the story and this is done throughout ‘When you were Young’ with a mixture of setting, props, actors, costume and lighting. The video is set in Tlayacapan, a poor and traditional Mexican city, it is the perfect setting for the song and fits the story particularly well. We can empathize with the girls for her dull, traditional life and understand why she is thrilled to find this man and how she can be so naive. The city also has the same cowboy, traditional image The Killers are trying to promote. The fact religion is so important and the poverty she grows up is very prominent throughout the video and we see many dilapidated building and crumbling church monuments.

She is very sheltered, literally and in her life style, she is nearly always in a building until after she finds out about her husbands betrayal when she is on the hillside. You finally see the light. The lighting after the church when she comes out to meet her husband is also very light, he is dresses mainly in white and this almost paints him in a good light, you can see how she falls in love with him and believes there is a good side she can salvage. The lighting is also light and innocent in the wedding scene, in contrast it is very dark and dull in the bedroom and bar, the only light is the from the flashing crucifix.

Another reminder of the omnipresent religion is that there is almost always a cross in the scene, right from the beginning she leans against a large white cross, this scene is reminiscent of how Jesus sacrificed himself on the cross to atone for human sin. In the next scene she is kneeling before a mural with a crucifix as she prays. As her husband and his mistress make love a picture of the virgin Mary with a crucifix round her neck flashes as his wife enters leaving her crucifix on the table. After this there are no more images of crosses until the last scene. Another symbolic prop is the bedside photo of the husband and wife happily married, it crashes to the floor as the wife backs out of the room after catching her husband, it is a superficial as their marriage. The props in the bar are also very necessary for highlighting what kind of place it is, blinds are shut, it is dark dull and dings and bar is littered with bottles and cigarettes.

Costume is also very important, as well as setting the scene the colours are a good way to relay the emotion of the scene. In the beginning we see the wife dressed from head to toe in white, she embodies purity and innocence as white traditionally portrays. When she stands next to the cross the colour makes them as one especially when her husband dressed in dark denim arrives, the contrast of colour and moral standing is particularly prominent. Red the colour of anger and passion also occurs throughout such as the mistresses red bra and when (before they married) her husband hands her a red apron when she comes to work in the bar, she takes it and puts it on and seems to literally seize the new risky man so detached from her upbringing. Another theme from the Killers album is their new Vegas cowboy attire and image which they adorn throughout the video with trademark ponchos and hats.

I think the actors were perfectly cast, the man is clearly older and charms the young woman with his smiles and confidence, he certainly doesn’t look a thing like Jesus! The actors attire and image fits with the impression we get of his character we get form the song. The young woman is also well cast, she looks very simple and young in comparison the mistress and her facial expressions express her anguish particularly well.

The cinematography starts of very slow during the opening, there are lots of wide establishing shots of the wife and the cross and then close up panning of the man in his car looking for her. Other wide establishing shots are when the couple meet after church and are wandering through the religious monuments of the city emphasizing the religious theme and culture of the song. This use of wide establishing shots is repeated at the end and really establishes the setting. The only movements from the camera are very slight and they are mostly panning, tilting and lots of close of close ups and mid shots. Because the clips are kept to an average of 2 seconds there is not much time for the camera to move. The camera is all about telling the story, throughout the video it focuses on introducing all the character sand scenes with close up panning and tilting. The camera make good use of close ups and mid shots to capture the expressions from the woman when she meets and falls in love with her husband and as she grieves when she find out what he has done. Another interesting piece of cinematography is the extreme close ups in the beginning in when the couple are reunited, the camera first looks at the woman’s tortured, pained eyes and then the remorseful tenderness of her husbands face as he cradles her head, it reminds us that even through sin they still treasure each other and that although he is not perfect he truly loves her. Considering the negative way the husband is seen throughout the video I think this is an important reminder and makes the pain even harder to deal with.

The editing of the video is very simple which fits with the simple, plain cinematography and mise-en-scene. The main focus is clearly the story and all transition from clip to clip are quick cuts. The very beginning and ending shots are the longest but throughout the rest of the song the pace of the clips is irregular but fats to fit with the general temp of the song. The cutting of the clips and does not seem to have any pattern, obvious pace or correspondence with the lyrics except slower pace of cutting clips when the wife is washing her feet (this is the middle eight) and the music slows, then as the tempo gains in momentum to so does the cutting. Another good moment when the editing changes is in the beginning, there are about six very quick flashes of intriguing shots as the wife leans against the cross of later shots hinting there is a story to be told.

In many ways this video conforms to the conventions of music videos, it tells a story and uses lighting and mise-en-scene to tell the story and create an image for the band. The cinematography also complements the story focusing on facial expressions particularly. The promotional video has certainly come a long way from the days of spoony melodies. The video has a lot of symbolism and meaning throughout and can truly be called an art form, an expression of faith and love in music and short film two of the most popular, diverse and flexible canvases for art. However it remains a promotional video and it does its job, to their target market the intrigue and excitement this video creates will surely persuade them in to finding out more and ideally buying the single or album.

Paper Questionnaire

I handed out a paper copy of my questionnaire to get more replies and therefore get a wider range of results and more diversity, on facebook only my friends could answer my questionnaire where as with the paper copy I could get lots of different people to answer and my results would be more fair and a better representation of the market. The results from the paper questionnaire showed that the favorite genre of my chosen target market is Rock closely followed by R&B/Soul and pop. I will therefore choose a song that fits in the rock/pop/indie genre. These results are very similar to my Internet questionnaire answers.

I then looked at the favorite artist of those who liked the rock/pop/genre genre. I did this so I could look at popular artist I could make a music video for and so I can look at the conventions of videos from this genre. My results showed popular artist that fit loosely in to the genre where:

The Killers
Muse
White Lies
Biffy Clyro
Bullet for my valentine
The King Blues
Just Jack
Newton Faulkner
The Kooks
YMAS
Paramore
James Morrison
Daniel Merriweather
Panic at the disco
MCR
Cobra Starship
FOB
HIM
McFly

Editors
Snow patrol
The Blackout
All Time Low
Lost Prophets
Kids In Glass Houses
Pixie Lott
Kate Nash

After looking at all these videos I have noticed a pattern of miming and story telling as part of the video. Good examples included McFly 'Sorry's not good enough' where the band sing along as they tie the lead singers girl friend to a restaurant table and try to convince her to forgive him.

I have watched many videos from a variety of different genres and they all show the artist performing, I like the way a story has been played out to correspond and work with the lyrics.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQvOECbFNwI

Another popular artist who used the video to tell a story which worked well with the lyrics in telling a story was The Killers 'Dustland fairy tale' about a couple growing up in 1950s America

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucw4fX1Mj0o

There are plenty more examples from Snow Patrol 'Open your eyes' with the meaning eventually becoming apparent as lovers are reunited to Muse- Uno in which an ex-girlfriend runs frantically through a maze of corridors but she tries to find forgiveness as the band sing 'you could have been number one'.

When I asked people what their favorite music video was and why the majority answered that it was because it was the story, the concept and that they got to see the artist. This was followed by dancing, a theatrical and humorous style and fan-artist interaction (gigs etc). I think this works well with my findings and and I will definitely focus my video around and idea which I think will explain the lyrics and the meanings of the song. It is also a more popular style with the genre I am looking at.

My audiences least favorite factor of a music video was a combination of a loathing for the artist, a boring/uncomfortable format and particularly artist that 'just stand there and sing', they are described as dull and boring. This supports my research as it highlights a need for the video to have a story/meaning and for the lyrics to correspond with the video.

I asked why my audience watched music videos so i could find out what they are looking for. Some people watched the videos just to pass the time or to see the artist and how they performed but the majority said they wished to see how the artist interpreted lyrics 'I like to see the way it has been interpreted in to film'. This again supports my findings and i will make sure my music video interprets the lyrics into a story.

I had a largely positive response to stop motion and animation 16 out of 18 liked the idea of animation and stop motion. I will try to incorporate stop motion in to my music video, it is a current and popular theme.

I asked in my questionnaire 'Whats your favorite style for a music video?'. My results showed humor and dance to be popular themes but by far drama/story was most popular supporting all my earlier research.

My questionnaires also confirmed the internets popularity as a music video distributor. Television is still a popular medium for distributing music and many people said that they like to watch both music videos on television and internet. I think internet is the future of promotion, games and social websites have made it increasingly popular with an ever growing audience and it offers the viewer choice in what they want to watch, what style and genre of video they want to watch. The successful site YouTube has already begun to exploit this, record labels and band have their own page with adverts in the side columns for upcoming releases and 'label mates'. Most television company have started to diversify and move on to the internet, a good examples is the BBC 'BBC iPlayer'. My next internet question also relates to the expanding use of the internet as I asked if and why fans signed up to fan websites for the band. Nearly half of my audience signed up for fan websites (or YouTube, facebook groups) and they expected to receive news, information about the artist and upcoming tour dates, they also wanted easy navigation and access to photos and merchandise.

I asked about music magazines so i could look at them as means for promotion.
Rocksound, Kerrang! NME and Q were all popular magazines and again nearly half of my audiences read these magazines. It seems music magazines are more for those musically dedicated so they do not reach such as wide audience. I will still advertise in this physical form for those who still like music but do not use the internet enough to receive my other advertising and to persuade these people on to the band websites.

In conclusion of both my questionnaires I have decided to emphasize a story that relates to the lyrics in the video and to use a rock/pop/indie artist and song. I will have someone singing as this is a popular convention of music videos and although I will not have the artist I will use miming. I have also decided to use stop motion in my video and that i will heavily promote the video through the Internet and music magazines.

Monday, 7 December 2009

Internet questionnaire

I used the popular social website Facebook to distribute my questionnaires. This allowed me to reach a larger target market and gave my questionnaire more diversity.


http://www.facebook.com/home.php?#/note.php?note_id=211424952118&comments

My results are as follows:
First i asked what is your favorite genre of music? I found the most popular brand of music to be Pop closely followed by rock and then dance and metal. Therefore I will choose to do a rock/pop video.

I then asked who are your favorite artist? I asked this so I could look at some of my audiences favorite artist to draw inspiration from their music videos and to help me choose a song. By looking at the my questionnaires and favorite genres I found the favorite genre to be rock/pop/indie I came up with the following artist:

Green day
Pixie Lott
The Killers
Muse
My Chemical Romance
Linkin Park
The Kooks

I have decided to use similar artist to the ones above but will chose more of a pop artist so my vidoe will have a wider appeal. A similarity I noted when looking at videos from the band is that they all like to tell a story that directly corresponds to the lyrics and explains the artist interpretation .

When looking at my answers for question 3.What is your favorite music video? Why? I found that my results reflected my previous observations that people enjoy watching a story to accompany the video. My questionnaire results include 'I like the raw, gritty feel, tells a story, it's colourful and creative' and 'the way they relate to the song and lyrics'. My results also shows that my target market like comedy and to see the artist in the music video.

I asked my audience what they didn't like in a music video so I knew what to avoid, my answers included

'repetitive and boring', 'she sells her body instead of her music', 'murdering and hanging...uncomfortable to watch', 'terribly cheezy', 'not much happens' and 'just run around singing with no real meaning'. I think this backs up my ideas of what a good music video should be. My audience like the video to be all about the song and they like a interesting and creative story.

When i asked my audience why they watched music videos i wanted to find out if it was just something done fro recreation, specifically to understand the song or the see the artist and what image and genre they are pursuing. I think i got a good mixed response and all of my initial thoughts were confirmed. Viewers like to see the artist, to take in their image especially with statement artist like Lady Ga Ga and Greenday. They also like to feel that the artist they adore have taken the time to give this back to their fans, the artist can also showcase their performance abilities. Artist like Muse and Pink are known for their live acts. Another reason my respondents watch music videos is to see how the visuals enhance and interpret the lyrics, how the artist 'interpret the lyrics with the video itself'.

I have started looking at stop motion and animation as i think it will keep the audience interested, will increase the songs potential and will make the video more unique, creative and interesting for the viewer. It is a contemporary style and the idea went down well with my internet respondents, the results were largely positive and any other replies were curious and said it depends on the style.

I asked what style of music video people like, whether theatrical, drama/story, live footage, dance or humorous. Confirming my earlier speculations drama/story proved to be the favorite option closely followed by dance and live.

I then asked how people watched music videos as distribution is vital as part of promotion and I needed to know where to target my audience, many people watched music videos on television and internet, internet was a very strong option .

I then asked how my audience used the internet to pursue their musical interest, the internet is an ever expanding marketing tool and is vital in keeping the distribution and promotional video alive as television moves to reality shows. As these questionnaires where done on Facebook I expected my respondents to use the internet to look up their favorite bands. My answers were positive and people subscribed to newsletters and vlog/blogs.

From these websites people expect music, 'news about them, an eye catching, creative layout and buttons that lead to different sections of the website such as a gallery and media section', 'a personal touch for example JLS make video blogs' and 'offers for the latest gigs and exclusive stuff'.

I also asked about what music magazines my audience read so i would know where to advertise and what style to use. My answers included Kerrang, NME, Kerrang, Top of the Pops, Metal Hammer and Alternative.

Thursday, 3 December 2009

Questionnaire

I have put this questionnaire on the internet social network Facebook and I have handed round paper questionnaires. This will give me a wide target audience from different areas and will give me results from my intended target audience of young adults.

My questionnaire:
Media Studies- Music questionnaire
For A2 Media Studies I’m creating my own music video and promo package. Please answer the following questions and circle your answers (you can choose more than one).

1. What is your favorite genre of music?
Alternative Classical Country Indie Metal Pop

Punk/Pop Punk R&B/Soul Rock Rap and Hip-Hop

Other……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. Who are your favorite artist?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. What is your favorite music video? Why?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. What is your least favorite music video? Why?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Why do you watch music videos? For the performers image? To add meaning to the lyrics? Performance abilities?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

6. Do you like stop motion and animation?
Yes No

7. What’s your favorite style for a music video?
Theatrical Drama/story Live footage Dance Humorous

8. Where do you watch music videos?
Television Internet Other……………………………………………….

9. Do you join websites for your favorite bands? What do you expect from the homepage?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

10. Do you read music magazines? What ones?

Kerrang! NME Q Other……………………………………………………….

Thank you!

Conventions of music videos

A convention in music videos is the way things are done within the video, these conventions vary depending on genre of music. A music video aims to provide something visually that you can't get just from the song, this is a challenge and the following common factors are popular to try achieve this:

The artist performing, the lead singer is normally the focus of the camera followed by panning, dolly track shots, crane shots and tilts. A range of long shots, close-ups and extreme close-ups are normally used. The close up shots tend to be focused on the facial expression of the artist to emphasis the emotion of the song to show the lip-syncing. This is often used as promotion using the artist image and appearance ‘if the next 30STM album had Jared Leto all over it I would but that shit’ – Hayley Smith. The involvement of the artist also makes the viewer feel as though the artist has had personal input and wants to give back to their fans.

The lyrics of the song complemented and played out as part of a story. This shows how the artist intends the viewer to interpret the song and gives them something to keep them watching while the song is playing. The video will by given more time and the intention is that the song will get in to the viewers head and they will go on to buy the song.

With a good music video the director should use the pace of the editing to help create a pace and mood fitting with the song to help create a rhythm. This is done a lot and several popular methods have developed. Some videos use the pace of the cuts to complement the rhythm and tempo of the song so the video grows in momentum and pace. This video by Panic! At The Disco is a good example as the chorus comes on the clips are a lot shorter in contrast to the long establishing shots in the begging. The pace fits well with the beat of the song.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PN-kZ5PAdvU

Other editing conventions include reaction shots (expresses the relationship between two or more people, shots flick between two people)and most commonly to jump from a scene of the location to the artist to the instruments and vice-versa.

Mise en scene plays a big part in establishing the genre and therefore certain conventions are bound to occur as music videos often exhibit fashion and style and physical image of the artist.

Lighting and colour also helps create the scene and emphasises the artist image, it is a very versatile factor, the lighting whether it be natural of artificial, coloured, dim or bright helps create the mood and reflects the feeling of the song. The colours are key for representing emotion and are understood easily by most people and are easy to percept. Changes in lighting, particularly from verse to chorus or middle eight. It can highlight a change in mood and tempo. A good example of creative lighting is in Muse’s Starlight

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pgum6OT_VH8

The video is set on a ship in the ocean and uses natural daylight fro the majority of the video, during the chorus and middle eighth it dramatically switches to the night sky and vibrant red flares.

Props are an essential part of mise-en-scene and to defining a music video. They show the setting and the style and genre of in music. For example Lady Ga Ga’s Paparazzi is known for its lavish use of costume and high fashion. The setting is very glamorous and reflects the artist personality and ideals.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOrKLU1h-To

When setting the scene props are also important as they play a vital role in telling the story, in the same Lady Ga Ga video we are told how her boyfriend tries to kill her and how she is pursued by paparazzi. In the end she uses an elaborately designed poison bottle in his tea and kills him. Everything in the video reflects her style and helps to show how she perceives the song in a visual form.